From our Blog

A Merkle Proof is a cryptographically authenticated data structure widely used to minimize on-chain data storage. For instance, a Merkle proof against a Merkle root can support airdrop claims from a smart contract. Similarly, a Merkle Patricia Trie proof can verify the existence of a key-value pair in Ethereum’s state Trie.

StarkNet ID recently launched a subscription feature for users. An auto-renewal contract has been implemented that facilitates the renewal of a user’s domain. This article explains the core functionality of this subscription feature, which we reviewed in our smart contract audit.

In the upcoming Cancun hardfork, Ethereum will add a new exciting feature to its Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM). Transient storage (EIP-1153) will be available to developers as a new data location for storing data with the lifespan of one transaction.

This article is not meant to explain the concepts of zero-knowledge or zk-SNARKs, a lot of amazing learning material can be found online. Its goal is to make programmers aware of the misuse Circom’s assert() statement.

How can a DeFi project’s entire liquidity become inaccessible in an instant? In this article, we explore a type of Denial-of-Service attack vector. Namely, Denial-of-service by affecting internal token balances. This particular vulnerability arises when a Balancer multi-token flash loan is taken out for tokens with double entry points.